Efavirenz (efavirenz) — Uses, Dosage, Side Effects & Safety

Drug class: Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)

Overview

Efavirenz is an antiretroviral medication used to treat HIV-1 infection in adults and children. It is usually prescribed as part of a combination therapy with other HIV medicines. Efavirenz helps reduce the amount of HIV in your body, improving immune function and lowering the risk of developing HIV-related complications. Efavirenz works by blocking the action of reverse transcriptase, an enzyme HIV needs to multiply. By interfering with this process, efavirenz helps control the infection but does not cure HIV or AIDS. It is important to take efavirenz exactly as prescribed and not to miss doses, as this can lead to drug resistance. Key points: Efavirenz is taken once daily, often at bedtime to reduce side effects. It may cause dizziness or vivid dreams, especially at the start of treatment. Always use efavirenz in combination with other antiretroviral drugs, and do not stop taking it without consulting your healthcare provider.

Therapeutic uses

• HIV infection

Common side effects

• Dizziness
• Rash
• Abnormal dreams
• Nausea
• Diarrhea
• Depression
• Insomnia
• Hepatotoxicity

Frequently Asked Questions about Efavirenz

What is efavirenz used for?

Efavirenz is used to treat HIV-1 infection in adults and children. It is always used in combination with other antiretroviral medications to help control HIV and improve immune function.

How should I take efavirenz?

Take efavirenz once daily, preferably at bedtime, on an empty stomach. Swallow the tablet or capsule whole with water. Taking it at bedtime may help reduce side effects like dizziness or vivid dreams.

What are the most common side effects?

Common side effects include dizziness, headache, trouble sleeping, unusual dreams, tiredness, and rash. These are usually mild and may improve over time.

Can efavirenz cause mental health problems?

Yes, efavirenz can cause psychiatric symptoms such as depression, anxiety, confusion, or suicidal thoughts. Contact your doctor immediately if you experience any severe mood changes.

Is efavirenz safe in pregnancy?

Efavirenz may cause birth defects if taken during the first trimester of pregnancy. It should be avoided in pregnancy unless no suitable alternatives are available. Discuss family planning and contraception with your doctor.

What should I do if I miss a dose?

Take the missed dose as soon as you remember, unless it is almost time for your next dose. Do not take two doses at once. Continue with your regular dosing schedule.

Can I take efavirenz with other medications?

Efavirenz interacts with many medications, including some antiretrovirals, anticonvulsants, and herbal supplements. Always inform your healthcare provider about all medicines and supplements you are taking.

Educational information only. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before starting, stopping, or changing any medication.