Fluorouracil — Uses, Dosage, Side Effects & Safety

Drug class: Antimetabolite (Antineoplastic agent)

Overview

Fluorouracil is a chemotherapy medication used to treat various types of cancer, including cancers of the colon, rectum, breast, stomach, and pancreas. It is also available as a topical cream to treat certain skin conditions like actinic keratosis and superficial basal cell carcinoma. Fluorouracil works by interfering with the growth of cancer cells, slowing or stopping their spread in the body. When used topically, it destroys abnormal skin cells while sparing most healthy tissue. Key points for patients: Fluorouracil is usually given under close medical supervision, especially when used for cancer. It may cause side effects, some of which can be serious. Always follow your healthcare provider's instructions and report any unusual symptoms promptly.

Therapeutic uses

• Colorectal cancer
• Breast cancer
• Gastric cancer
• Pancreatic cancer
• Actinic keratosis

Common side effects

• Myelosuppression
• Stomatitis
• Diarrhea
• Nausea and vomiting
• Alopecia
• Hand-foot syndrome
• Cardiotoxicity

Frequently Asked Questions about Fluorouracil

What conditions does fluorouracil treat?

Fluorouracil is used to treat various cancers (colon, rectal, breast, stomach, pancreas) and certain skin conditions like actinic keratosis and superficial basal cell carcinoma.

How does fluorouracil work?

Fluorouracil interferes with the DNA and RNA synthesis of rapidly dividing cells, which slows or stops the growth of cancer cells.

What are the most common side effects?

Common side effects include skin irritation (topical), nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, mouth sores, and mild fatigue (injection).

Can I use fluorouracil during pregnancy?

No, fluorouracil is not recommended during pregnancy due to the risk of harm to the fetus. Discuss alternative treatments with your doctor.

How long does it take to see results with topical fluorouracil?

Visible improvement in skin lesions may take several weeks. Redness and irritation are common before healing occurs.

What should I do if I experience severe side effects?

Stop using the medication and seek immediate medical attention if you experience severe reactions such as chest pain, severe infection, or allergic symptoms.

Are there any foods or medications I should avoid while using fluorouracil?

Avoid live vaccines and inform your doctor about all medications you are taking, especially other chemotherapy agents, warfarin, and phenytoin.

Educational information only. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before starting, stopping, or changing any medication.