Melatonin — Uses, Dosage, Side Effects & Safety

Drug class: Hypnotic, Sleep Aid, Hormone

Overview

Melatonin is a hormone naturally produced by the pineal gland in the brain. It helps regulate the body's sleep-wake cycle, also known as the circadian rhythm. As a medication or supplement, melatonin is commonly used to treat sleep disorders such as insomnia, jet lag, and delayed sleep phase disorder. Melatonin works by signaling to your body that it is time to sleep, making it easier to fall asleep and stay asleep. It is especially helpful for people who have trouble falling asleep at the desired time or who need to adjust their sleep schedule due to shift work or travel. Key points for patients: Melatonin is generally considered safe for short-term use. It is available over-the-counter in many countries, but you should talk to your healthcare provider before starting, especially if you take other medications or have chronic health conditions.

Therapeutic uses

• Insomnia
• Jet lag
• Sleep-wake cycle disturbances
• Delayed sleep phase syndrome

Common side effects

• Headache
• Dizziness
• Nausea
• Drowsiness
• Daytime fatigue
• Irritability
• Nightmares

Frequently Asked Questions about Melatonin

Is melatonin safe for long-term use?

Short-term use of melatonin is generally considered safe for most people. The safety of long-term use has not been well established, so it should only be used long-term under medical supervision.

Can I take melatonin with other sleep medications?

Melatonin should not be combined with other sleep medications or sedatives without consulting your healthcare provider, as this may increase the risk of excessive drowsiness or other side effects.

Does melatonin cause dependence or withdrawal?

Melatonin is not known to cause dependence or withdrawal symptoms, unlike some prescription sleep medications.

Can children take melatonin?

Melatonin may be used in children for certain sleep disorders, but only under the supervision of a healthcare provider. Dosing and safety should be carefully considered.

How quickly does melatonin work?

Melatonin usually begins to work within 30 to 60 minutes after taking it. Effects may vary depending on the individual and the formulation used.

Is melatonin available over-the-counter?

In many countries, including the United States, melatonin is available over-the-counter. In Australia and the UK, some formulations require a prescription.

Can melatonin help with jet lag?

Melatonin is commonly used to help reduce symptoms of jet lag by adjusting the sleep-wake cycle when traveling across time zones.

Educational information only. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before starting, stopping, or changing any medication.