Nirmatrelvir (in Paxlovid (Nirmatrelvir (co-packaged with Ritonavir)) — Uses, Dosage, Side Effects & Safety

Drug class: Antiviral (Protease Inhibitor)

Overview

Nirmatrelvir (in Paxlovid) is an oral antiviral medication used to treat mild-to-moderate COVID-19 in adults and children (12 years and older, weighing at least 40 kg) who are at high risk for progressing to severe disease, including hospitalization or death. It is not used for prevention of COVID-19 or for patients requiring hospitalization due to severe or critical COVID-19. Nirmatrelvir works by blocking a key enzyme (the SARS-CoV-2 main protease) that the coronavirus needs to replicate inside the body. It is always given in combination with ritonavir, which boosts nirmatrelvir levels by slowing its breakdown in the liver. Key points: Start treatment as soon as possible after diagnosis and within 5 days of symptom onset. Always take the full course as prescribed, even if you start to feel better. Inform your healthcare provider about all other medicines you are taking, as Paxlovid can interact with many drugs.

Therapeutic uses

  • Treatment of mild-to-moderate COVID-19 in adults
  • Treatment of mild-to-moderate COVID-19 in pediatric patients (12 years of age and older weighing at least 40 kg)
  • Reduction of risk of progression to severe COVID-19, including hospitalization or death

Common side effects

  • Dysgeusia (altered taste)
  • Diarrhea
  • Nausea
  • Vomiting
  • Headache
  • Increased liver enzymes
  • Rash

Frequently Asked Questions about Nirmatrelvir (in Paxlovid

Who should take Nirmatrelvir (in Paxlovid)?

It is recommended for adults and children (12 years and older, weighing at least 40 kg) with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 who are at high risk for progression to severe disease.

How soon after COVID-19 symptoms should I start Paxlovid?

Start treatment as soon as possible after diagnosis and within 5 days of symptom onset for best effectiveness.

Can I take Paxlovid if I have kidney or liver problems?

Dose adjustments are needed for moderate kidney impairment. It is not recommended for severe kidney or liver impairment.

What should I do if I miss a dose?

Take the missed dose as soon as you remember if it is within 8 hours of the scheduled time. If more than 8 hours have passed, skip the missed dose and continue with your next dose.

Are there any foods or drinks I should avoid?

Avoid grapefruit and grapefruit juice, as they can increase the risk of side effects.

Can pregnant or breastfeeding women take Paxlovid?

Use during pregnancy or breastfeeding only if clearly needed and after consulting your healthcare provider.

Does Paxlovid cure COVID-19?

Paxlovid does not cure COVID-19 but reduces the risk of severe illness, hospitalization, and death when taken early in the course of infection.

Educational information only. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before starting, stopping, or changing any medication.