Raltegravir — Uses, Dosage, Side Effects & Safety

Drug class: Antiretroviral, HIV Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitor (INSTI)

Overview

Raltegravir is an antiretroviral medication used to treat human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in adults, adolescents, and children. It is always used in combination with other HIV medicines as part of antiretroviral therapy (ART). Raltegravir helps lower the amount of HIV in your body, which improves immune function and reduces the risk of developing HIV-related complications. This medicine works by blocking an enzyme called integrase, which HIV needs to multiply in the body. By preventing the virus from integrating its genetic material into your cells, raltegravir helps control the infection but does not cure HIV or AIDS. Key points for patients: Take raltegravir exactly as prescribed, do not skip doses, and continue other HIV medications as directed. Regular follow-up and blood tests are important to monitor your response and check for side effects.

Therapeutic uses

  • Treatment of HIV-1 infection in adults and pediatric patients weighing at least 2 kg
  • Part of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART)
  • Treatment-experienced HIV-1 infected patients with evidence of replication despite ongoing antiretroviral therapy
  • Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) for HIV-1 infection (off-label use, but supported by guidelines)

Common side effects

  • Nausea
  • Headache
  • Diarrhea
  • Fatigue
  • Insomnia
  • Rash
  • Depression
  • Muscle pain

Frequently Asked Questions about Raltegravir

What is raltegravir used for?

Raltegravir is used in combination with other antiretroviral medicines to treat HIV-1 infection in adults, adolescents, and children. It helps reduce the amount of HIV in the body and improves immune function.

How does raltegravir work?

Raltegravir blocks the HIV integrase enzyme, preventing the virus from inserting its genetic material into human cells. This stops the virus from multiplying.

What are the most common side effects?

Common side effects include headache, nausea, diarrhea, fatigue, and trouble sleeping. Most side effects are mild and temporary.

Can I take raltegravir during pregnancy?

Raltegravir may be used during pregnancy if the benefits outweigh the risks. Inform your healthcare provider if you are pregnant or planning to become pregnant.

What should I do if I miss a dose?

Take the missed dose as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose. Do not double up doses.

Are there any serious risks with raltegravir?

Serious risks include severe skin reactions, muscle breakdown, and liver problems. Seek medical attention if you experience symptoms such as rash, muscle pain, or jaundice.

Can raltegravir cure HIV?

No, raltegravir does not cure HIV. It helps control the infection and must be taken continuously as part of combination therapy.

Related Raltegravir information

Educational information only. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before starting, stopping, or changing any medication.