Rituximab (rituximab) — Uses, Dosage, Side Effects & Safety

Drug class: Monoclonal antibody; Anti-CD20 immunotherapy

Overview

Rituximab is a prescription medication used to treat certain types of cancers and autoimmune diseases. It is most commonly used for non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, rheumatoid arthritis, granulomatosis with polyangiitis, and microscopic polyangiitis. Rituximab works by targeting a protein called CD20 found on the surface of specific white blood cells (B lymphocytes). By binding to CD20, rituximab helps the immune system destroy these abnormal or overactive cells, reducing inflammation or slowing the growth of cancer. Key points: Rituximab is given as an intravenous infusion under medical supervision. It can cause infusion reactions and may increase the risk of infections. Patients should be monitored closely during and after treatment.

Therapeutic uses

• Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
• Chronic lymphocytic leukemia
• Rheumatoid arthritis
• Granulomatosis with polyangiitis
• Microscopic polyangiitis

Common side effects

• Infusion-related reactions
• Fever
• Chills
• Nausea
• Headache
• Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML)
• Hepatitis B reactivation
• Severe skin reactions

Frequently Asked Questions about Rituximab

What conditions does rituximab treat?

Rituximab is used to treat non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, rheumatoid arthritis, granulomatosis with polyangiitis, and microscopic polyangiitis.

How is rituximab administered?

Rituximab is given as an intravenous infusion in a hospital or clinic, usually over several hours, with close monitoring for side effects.

What are the most common side effects?

The most common side effects are infusion reactions (fever, chills, nausea), fatigue, headache, and mild rash.

Can I receive vaccines while on rituximab?

You should avoid live vaccines during and after rituximab treatment. Discuss all vaccinations with your healthcare provider.

Is rituximab safe during pregnancy or breastfeeding?

Rituximab is not recommended during pregnancy or breastfeeding unless clearly needed. Discuss risks and benefits with your doctor.

What should I do if I miss a dose?

Contact your healthcare provider to reschedule a missed infusion. Do not attempt to self-administer or double up doses.

What serious risks are associated with rituximab?

Serious risks include severe infusion reactions, life-threatening infections, hepatitis B reactivation, and rare brain infections (PML).

Educational information only. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before starting, stopping, or changing any medication.