Glucagon — Uses, Dosage, Side Effects & Safety

Drug class: Endocrine & Hormonal

Overview

Glucagon is a medication used to quickly raise blood sugar levels in people experiencing severe hypoglycemia (very low blood sugar), most commonly in individuals with diabetes who use insulin or certain oral diabetes medications. It is also sometimes used during certain medical tests or procedures to relax the stomach or intestines. Glucagon works by signaling the liver to release stored glucose into the bloodstream, helping to restore normal blood sugar levels. It acts as a natural hormone in the body, performing the opposite function of insulin. Key points: Glucagon is typically given as an injection or nasal spray by a caregiver or healthcare professional when a person is unable to eat, drink, or swallow safely due to low blood sugar. It is important to seek emergency medical help after using glucagon, as further monitoring and treatment may be needed.

Therapeutic uses

• Severe hypoglycemia
• Beta-blocker overdose
• Calcium channel blocker overdose
• Radiologic studies of the gastrointestinal tract

Common side effects

• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Headache
• Hypotension
• Tachycardia
• Allergic reactions
• Rebound hypoglycemia

Frequently Asked Questions about Glucagon

What is glucagon used for?

Glucagon is primarily used to treat severe hypoglycemia (very low blood sugar) in people with diabetes who are unable to safely eat or drink. It may also be used during certain diagnostic procedures to relax the stomach or intestines.

How quickly does glucagon work?

Glucagon typically begins to raise blood sugar within 10–15 minutes after administration. If there is no response within 15 minutes, seek emergency medical help.

Can glucagon be given to children?

Yes, glucagon can be safely given to children in age- and weight-appropriate doses. Caregivers should be trained in its use and follow pediatric dosing guidelines.

What should I do after giving glucagon?

After giving glucagon, turn the person on their side to prevent choking if vomiting occurs. Once they are awake and able to swallow, give a fast-acting carbohydrate (like juice or glucose gel) followed by a snack. Always seek emergency medical help after use.

Are there any people who should not receive glucagon?

Glucagon should not be used in people with known allergies to glucagon, pheochromocytoma, insulinoma, or glucagonoma. Consult a healthcare provider if you are unsure.

Can glucagon be used for weight loss?

No, glucagon is not approved or recommended for weight loss. It is intended for emergency treatment of severe hypoglycemia.

How should glucagon be stored?

Store glucagon at room temperature in its original packaging. Do not freeze. Use immediately after mixing and discard any unused portion.

Educational information only. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before starting, stopping, or changing any medication.